Types of Steam nozzle

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Steam Nozzle :-

A steam nozzle is a passage of varying cross – sectional area in which heat energy of the steam is converted into kinetic energy.
The main function of steam nozzle in steam turbines is to produce a jet of steam with a high velocity.

Types of steam nozzle :-

1) Convergent nozzle :-

When the cross – section of a nozzle continuously decrease from entrance to exit, it’s also known as “convergent nozzle”.

2) Divergent nozzle :-

When the cross – section of a nozzle continuously increase from entrance to exit, it’s also known as “divergent nozzle “.

3) Convergent-divergent nozzle:-

When the cross-section of a nozzle first decreases from its entrance to throat, and then will increase from its throat to exit, it’s also known as “convergent-divergent nozzle”.

The smallest cross – section of nozzle it’s also known as throat.

*This types of nozzle is widely used for these days in various types of steam turbines.

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*Application of steam nozzles :-

a) It is used in steam turbine of power plant..
b) It is used for measure discharge of fluids.
c) It is used in injector for pumping feed water into boiler.
d) For ex, Removing air from condenser use for injector.

*Write a continuity equation of steam nozzle and state of the meaning of each term.

Steam nozzle is the passage of varying cross – section area in which heat energy of steam is converted into kinetic energy.

Applying S. F. E. E,

Q + h1 + gZ1 + (1 / 2) C1^2 = W+h2+gZ2+(1 / 2) C2^2
For nozzle,
Q=0,Z1,Z2=0,W=0 .
= h1 + (C1^2) / 2 = h2 + (C2 ^ 2) / 2
C 2 ^ 2 / 2 – C 1 ^ 2 / 2 = (h 1 – h 2)

or
= (C2 ^ 2) – (C1 ^ 2) = 2 (h1 – h2)
(C2^2) = C1 ^2 + 2 (h1 – h2)
= C2 = √C1^2 + 2 (h1 – h2)
Where,
C1 : Velocity at inlet.
C2 : Velocity at exit.
h1 : enthalpy at inlet.
h2 : enthalpy at exit.

*Match Number:-

It is defined as velocity at a point in a fluid to velocity of sound at that point at given instant of time.

M = v / c

Where,
V = velocity of fluid.
C = velocity of Sound.

*Significance of Match Number :-

*If match number is less than one, flow is Subsonic & nozzle is Convergent.
*The Mach number is a equal to one, flow is sonic.
*If Mach number is greater than one, flow is Supersonic & nozzle is divergent.

*Critical pressure :-

The pressure at throat in a nozzle is called as critical pressure.

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